First, lets talk about carving the human head. The following information came from the archive files of the Knotholes List. Robert Mace, the moderator of the List, re-published this information for a second time. The original author of the email was Mr. Gene Graham. Mr. Graham has additional information about carving eyes at his web site. You can view it at http://www.angelfire.com/tn/treetotreasure/index.html.
Subject: "Rules" for carving faces
THE HEAD:
1. The height of the face is about 1 1/2 times the width.
2. The side of the head fits roughly into a square.
3. The neck cuts straight back, then angles back & down, then straight down
4. The head sits forward on the shoulders.
THE FACE:
1. The forehead-to-nose-to chin angle is approximately 120 degrees.
2. The left cheek-to-nose-to-right cheek angle is approximately 90 degrees.
3. The face is divided into three equal parts: the top of the head to the brow, the brow to the bottom of the nose, and the bottom of the nose to the bottom of the chin.
4. Both sides of the face are NOT symmetrical.
5. The forehead is the only place on the face that is allowed to be flat.
6. Narrow the temple area.
7. The face is "five eyes' wide.
8. The eye area is the widest part of the face.
9. Cut the cheek areas straight back.
10. Define the cheek muscles.
11. From the nose to the cheek to the side of the head should have a smooth rounded transition.
THE NOSE:
1. The "half in - half out" rule. Half of the nose should extend out from the face. The other half should extend into the face.
2. The outside edges of the nostrils line up with the inside corners of the eyes.
3. Taper the nostrils back NOT out.
4. The nose widens slightly then tapers back in about half way between the bridge and the tip.
5. The nose has a ball on the end of it.
6. Do not carve away the muscle structure that connects the nose to the cheeks.
7. DO NOT hollow the inside of the nostrils until the face is completely finished.
THE EYES:
1. The eyes are in the middle of the head.
2. The eyes are one eye width apart.
3. Round the eyes and face back around the head.
4. Recess the bottom of the eyes farther back than the top.
5. Under normal circumstances, the eyes should be small slits.
6. The pupil of the eye makes up 80% of the eyeball.
THE MOUTH:
1. The mouth line is 1/3 of the distance from the base of the nose to the base of the chin.
2. Dentures are not flat! Round the mouth area.
3. The corners of the mouth line up with the middle of the eyes.
4. The corners of the mouth should extend behind the nose.
5. The bottom lip should set back under the top lip.
6. The corners of the bottom lip should tuck under the top lip.
7. Add dimple lines at the corners of the top lip.
8. The mouth has little "pockets" at each corner.
THE CHIN:
1. Keep the ball of the chin small.
2. The chin sets back behind the lips.
3. The chin has two muscles on the end of it.
THE HAIR:
1. Hair has several levels. Carve them!
2. Hair must have a starting point and an ending point. It does not start and/or end in the middle unless it comes out from or goes in under something.
THE NECK:
1. The veins in the neck disappear behind the ears.
2. The jaw turns into the ear.
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